British Ministry of Defence

1) Military: MOD

2) British English: MOD воен.

1) Military: MOD

2) British English: MOD воен.

1) Military: MOD

2) British English: MOD воен.

defence, defense (US) [dɪˈfens]

1. noun

   a. défense f

• to play in defence jouer en défense

• in defence of pour défendre

• as a defence against pour se défendre contre

• to come to sb's defence défendre qn

• Ministry of Defence (British) Department of Defense (US) ministère m de la Défense

   b. defences ( = weapons) moyens mpl de défense ; ( = constructions) ouvrages mpl défensifs

• the body's defences against disease les défenses fpl de l'organisme contre la maladie

   c. (in court) défense f

• in his defence à sa décharge

• witness for the defence témoin m à décharge

• the case for the defence la défense

   d. [of argument, decision, action, belief] justification f

2. adjective

[policy] de défense ; [minister] de la défense ; [industry, manufacturer] travaillant pour la défense nationale ; [contract] destiné à la défense nationale

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GB, defense US [dɪ'fens] noun

1) ( act of protecting) défense f

2) ( means of protection) défense f ( against contre)

3) ( support) défense f

4) Law

5) Sport défense f

6) University soutenance f (de thèse)

defences plural noun gen, Military défenses fpl

noun modifier

1) Military gen de la défense; [ contract] pour la défense; [ policy, forces] de défense; [ cuts] dans la défense

2) Law [ counsel, lawyer] pour la défense; [ witness] à décharge

ministry ['mɪnɪstrɪ] (pl ministries)

noun

(a) Politics (department) ministère m; (government) gouvernement m;

∎ British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ≃ ministère m de l'Agriculture;

∎ British the Ministry of Defence le ministère de la Défense

(b) Religion (collective body) sacerdoce m, saint ministère m; (period of office) ministère m;

∎ to join the ministry (Roman Catholic) se faire ordonner prêtre; (Protestant) devenir pasteur;

∎ at the end of his ministry in London he moved away il quitta Londres au terme de son ministère dans cette ville

MOD [‚eməʊˈdi:]

(British) ( = Ministry of Defence)

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noun GB (abrév = Ministry of Defence) ministère m de la Défense

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology, Recording

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[br]

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At the age of 23, Eisler obtained a Diploma in Engineering from the Technical University of Vienna. Because of the growing Nazi influence in Austria, he then accepted a post with the His Master's Voice (HMV) agents in Belgrade, where he worked on the problems of radio reception and sound transmission in railway trains. However, he soon returned to Vienna to found a weekly radio journal and file patents on graphical sound recording (for which he received a doctorate) and on a system of stereoscopic television based on lenticular vertical scanning.

In 1936 he moved to England and sold the TV patent to Marconi for £250. Unable to find a job, he carried out experiments in his rooms in a Hampstead boarding-house; after making circuits using strip wires mounted on bakelite sheet, he filed his first printed-circuit patent that year. He then tried to find ways of printing the circuits, but without success. Obtaining a post with Odeon Theatres, he invented a sound-level control for films and devised a mirror-drum continuous-film projector, but with the outbreak of war in 1939, when the company was evacuated, he chose to stay in London and was interned for a while. Released in 1941, he began work with Henderson and Spalding, a firm of lithographic printers, to whom he unwittingly assigned all future patents for the paltry sum of £1. In due course he perfected a means of printing conducting circuits and on 3 February 1943 he filed three patents covering the process. The British Ministry of Defence rejected the idea, considering it of no use for military equipment, but after he had demonstrated the technique to American visitors it was enthusiastically taken up in the US for making proximity fuses, of which many millions were produced and used for the war effort. Subsequently the US Government ruled that all air-borne electronic circuits should be printed.

In the late 1940s the Instrument Department of Henderson and Spalding was split off as Technograph Printed Circuits Ltd, with Eisler as Technical Director. In 1949 he filed a further patent covering a multilayer system; this was licensed to Pye and the Telegraph Condenser Company. A further refinement, patented in the 1950s, the use of the technique for telephone exchange equipment, but this was subsequently widely infringed and although he negotiated licences in the USA he found it difficult to license his ideas in Europe. In the UK he obtained finance from the National Research and Development Corporation, but they interfered and refused money for further development, and he eventually resigned from Technograph. Faced with litigation in the USA and open infringement in the UK, he found it difficult to establish his claims, but their validity was finally agreed by the Court of Appeal (1969) and the House of Lords (1971).

As a freelance inventor he filed many other printed-circuit patents, including foil heating films and batteries. When his Patent Agents proved unwilling to fund the cost of filing and prosecuting Complete Specifications he set up his own company, Eisler Consultants Ltd, to promote food and space heating, including the use of heated cans and wallpaper! As Foil Heating Ltd he went into the production of heating films, the process subsequently being licensed to Thermal Technology Inc. in California.

[br]

1 ministry (British), department (United States) (politics).

durante el ministerio de Sánchez (periodo) while Sánchez was minister

ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (similar) Foreign Office (British), (similar) State Department (United States)

ministerio de Economía Ministry of Economic Affairs, (similar) Treasury (British), (similar) Treasury Department (United States)

ministerio del Interior Ministry of the Interior, (similar) Home Office (British), (similar) Department of the Interior (United States)

2 ministry (religion).

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 PLÍTICA ministry, US department

2 RELIGIÓN ministry

\

Ministerio de Defensa Ministry of Defense

ministerio fiscal ≈Department of Public Prosecution

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Ministry of Foreign Affairs, GB ≈ Foreign Office, US ≈ State Department

Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda Ministry of Finance, GB ≈ Exchequer, Treasury, US Treasury Department

Ministerio del Interior Ministry of the Interior, GB ≈ Home Office, US ≈ Department of the Interior

Ministerio de Obras Públicas Ministry of Public Works, US Department of Public Works

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1) (Pol) ministry, department ( esp EEUU)

2) (Jur)

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1) (Pol) ministry, department (AmE)

- Ministerio de Defensa

- Ministerio de Hacienda

- Ministerio del Interior

- Ministerio de Relaciones or Asuntos Exteriores

- Ministerio Fiscal or Público

2) (Relig) ministry

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= government department, ministry, department.

Ex. Funding for advice centres can originate from any one of four government departments: the Department of Trade, the Home Office, the Lord Chancellor's Office and the Department of the Environment.

Ex. E. M. d'Hondt, newly-appointed NBLC chairman, urged that discussions be opened with the ministry of Social and Cultural Services to mitigate the effect of public lending right on library budgets.

Ex. One of the aims of this department is to promote a climate for British industry and commerce as conducive to enterprise and competition as that in any other industrialized country.

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* Ministerio Americano de Sanidad y Consumo = Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

* ministerio de asuntos exteriores = Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

* Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, el = Foreign Office, the.

* Ministerio de Comercio = Department of Trade.

* Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.

* Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.

* Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda = Lord Chancellor's Office.

* Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.

* Ministerio de Hacienda Americano = Inland Revenue Service (IRS).

* ministerio de la gobernación = government ministry.

* ministerio del gobierno = government ministry.

* Ministerio del Interior, el = Home Office, the.

* Ministerio del Medio Ambiente = Department of the Environment.

* Ministerio de Trabajo = Department of Labor.

* ministerio de transportes = transport authorities.

* ministerio sacerdotal = ministry.

* ministerio sacerdotal, el = ministry, the.

* * *

1) (Pol) ministry, department (AmE)

- Ministerio de Defensa

- Ministerio de Hacienda

- Ministerio del Interior

- Ministerio de Relaciones or Asuntos Exteriores

- Ministerio Fiscal or Público

2) (Relig) ministry

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* * *

A ( Pol) ministry, department ( AmE)

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores

≈ Defense Department ( in US), ≈ Ministry of Defence ( in UK)

≈ Treasury Department ( in US), ≈ Treasury ( in UK)

≈ Treasury Department ( in US), ≈ Treasury ( in UK)

( ant) Ministerio del Interior

≈ Department of the Interior ( in US), ≈ Home Office ( in UK)

Ministry/Department of the Environment

≈ State Department ( in US), ≈ Foreign Office ( in UK)

Ministry/Department of Employment

Attorney General's office

B ( Relig) ministry

* * *

◊ Mministerio de Hacienda ≈ Treasury Department ( in US), ≈ Treasury ( in UK);

* * *

ministerio nm

1. [institución] Br ministry, US department;

durante el ministerio de Sánchez while Sánchez was minister

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Br ≈ Foreign Office, US ≈ State Department;

Ministerio de Comercio Ministry of Trade, Br ≈ Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, US ≈ Department of Commerce;

Ministerio de Defensa Ministry of Defence, US ≈ Defense Department;

Ministerio de Economía Ministry of Economic Affairs, Br ≈ Treasury, US ≈ Treasury Department;

Ministerio de Finanzas Ministry of Finance;

Ministerio de Fomento Ministry of Public Works;

Ministerio de Gobernación Ministry of the Interior, Br ≈ Home Office, US ≈ Department of the Interior;

Ministerio de Hacienda Ministry of Economic Affairs, Br ≈ Treasury, US ≈ Treasury Department;

Ministerio de Industria Ministry of Industry, Br ≈ Department of Trade and Industry;

Ministerio del Interior Ministry of the Interior, Br ≈ Home Office, US ≈ Department of the Interior;

Ministerio de Justicia Ministry of Justice, Br ≈ office of the Attorney General, US ≈ Department of Justice;

Ministerio de Sanidad Ministry of Health, Br ≈ Department of Health;

Ministerio de Trabajo Ministry of Employment, Br ≈ Department for Work and Pensions, US ≈ Department of Labor

2. Der ministerio fiscal [acusación] public prosecutor;

ministerio público [acusación] public prosecutor

3. Rel ministry

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m POL department

* * *

ministerio nm

: ministry, department

* * *

ministerio n ministry [pl. ministries]

1 defense.

en defensa de in defense of

la defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environment

defensa personal self-defense

2 defense (sport).

3 defence, security, defense, guard.

4 protection, succor, refuge.

5 defendor, advocate.

6 shield, guard, protector.

7 defensive movement, ward.

8 back, back-line player.

defender (sport).

defensa central central defender, center back

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► nombre femenino

1 defence (US defense)

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 DEPORTE (jugador) back, defender; (conjunto de jugadores) defence (US defense), defenders plural

► nombre femenino plural defensas

1 (colmillos de un animal) tusks

\

en defensa propia in self-defence (US self-defense)

en legítima defensa in self-defence (US self-defense)

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1. SF

1) (=protección) defence, defense (EEUU)

2) (Jur) (=abogado, argumentación) defence, defense (EEUU)

3) (Dep)

4) pl defensas (Med) defences, defenses (EEUU)

5) pl defensas [de toro] horns; [de elefante, jabalí] tusks

6) (Náut) fender

7) Méx bumper, fender (EEUU)

SMF (Dep) defender

* * *

1)

a) ( protección) defense*

b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)

- defensa personal

2) (Der) defense*

3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)

4) (Náut) fender

5) (Dep)

a) ( conjunto) defense*

b) defensa masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender

* * *

= defence [defense, -USA], plea, advocacy, championship, crusade, championing, affirmation, apologia, bulwark.

Ex. The only defense that Panizzi was able to muster in this case was to cite the authorities instead of the reasons he followed.

Ex. Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.

Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.

Ex. Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.

Ex. The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.

Ex. Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.

Ex. This article argues that the OTA report, despite its affirmation of public access to information, is unlikely to cause a redeployment of resources unless librarians argue vociferously that there is a real need for this information.

Ex. The article ' apologia for alternatives' examines the situation where professional standards may have to give way to commercial interests.

Ex. Thus our freedom has prompted many to think of libraries as 'a great instrument and bulwark of democracy'.

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* actitud de defensa = defensiveness.

* actuar defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.

* actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.

* alegar defensa = muster + defense.

* decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.

* defensa bioquímica = biodefence [biodefense, -USA].

* defensa con misiles = missile defence.

* defensa costera = coastal defence.

* defensa de intereses = lobbying.

* defensa de la profesión = advocacy.

* defensa del consumidor = consumer protection.

* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.

* defensa de tesis = dissertation defence, thesis defence.

* defensa nacional = national defence.

* defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].

* defensas marítimas = maritime defences.

* defensas naturales = natural defences, natural defences.

* defensa solapada = plug.

* Departamento de Defensa = Department of Defense.

* departamento de defensa del consumidor = consumer protection department.

* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.

* en defensa propia = in self-defence.

* estrategia de defensa = defence strategy.

* fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.

* industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].

* mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].

* Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.

* ministro de defensa = defence minister.

* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.

* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.

* preparar una defensa = mount + defence.

* primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.

* secretario de defensa = defence minister.

* sistema de defensa = defence system.

* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.

* * *

1)

a) ( protección) defense*

b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)

- defensa personal

2) (Der) defense*

3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)

4) (Náut) fender

5) (Dep)

a) ( conjunto) defense*

b) defensa masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender

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* * *

1 (protección) defense*

nadie acudió en su defensa nobody went to his defense, nobody went to defend him

salió en nuestra defensa he came to our defense

actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa he acted in self-defense*

defensa DE algo/algn defense* OF sth/sb

se manifestaron en defensa de sus derechos they demonstrated in defense of their rights

Defensa feminine the Defense Department ( AmE), the Ministry of Defence ( BrE)

self-defense*

anti-aircraft defenses* (pl)

sea defenses* (pl)

river defenses* (pl)

B ( Der) defense*

los testigos de la defensa the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses

C defensas fpl ( Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)

las defensas biológicas del organismo the organism's biological defenses o biological defense mechanisms

está bajo de defensas his resistance is low

1 ( Náut) fender

2 (Cu, Méx) ( Auto) bumper

3 ( Chi) ( Const) barrier

E ( Dep)

1 (conjunto) defense*

defensa masculine and feminine (jugador) defender

* * *

a) ( protección) defense^{( conjugate defense)};

◊ salir en defensa de algn to come to sb's defense;

b) (Dep) defense^{( conjugate defense)}

◊ Defensa sustantivo femenino

◊ defensas sustantivo femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses^{( conjugate defenses)} (pl)

◊ defensa sustantivo masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender

* * *

♦ nf

1. [protección] defence;

la defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environment;

lleva siempre una pistola como defensa she always carries a gun to defend herself;

en su defensa cabe decir que él ignoraba lo sucedido in his defence, it has to be said that he didn't know what had happened;

acudir en defensa de algo/alguien to come to the defence of sth/to sb's defence;

salir en defensa de algo/alguien to come out in defence of sth/sb

la defensa nacional national defence;

defensa pasiva passive resistance;

defensa personal self-defence

2.

3. [legal] defence;

basó su defensa en la falta de pruebas he based his defence on the lack of evidence;

en defensa propia, en legítima defensa in self-defence;

la defensa [parte en un juicio] the defence;

la defensa tiene la palabra [en juicio] it is the turn of the defence to speak

4.

tiene las defensas muy bajas his body's defences are very low

5. [jugadores, parte del juego] defence

defensa hombre man-to-man defence;

defensa en zona [en baloncesto] zone defence

6. Méx [parachoques] Br bumper, US fender

7. Aut

♦ nmf

la línea de defensas the back line, the defence

defensa de cierre [en rugby] fullback;

* * *

I f

1 JUR, DEP defense, Br

defence;

legítima defensa self-defense, Br self-defence;

salir en defensa de alguien come to s.o.’s defense

2 L.Am.

mudguard

defensas pl MED defenses, Br defences

II m/f DEP defender

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defensa nf

: defense

defensa nmf

: defender, back (in sports)

* * *

defensa n

1. (en general) defence

2. (jugador) defender

m ministry

( gabinetto) government, ministry

pubblico ministero state prosecutor

* * *

ministero s.m.

1 (ufficio, funzione) office, function; (eccl.) ministry: un alto ministero, a high office; svolgere un ministero di pace, to carry out a mission of peace // il sacro ministero, the (sacred) ministry

2 (ministero, dipartimento amministrativo dello Stato) Ministry, Office, Board; (negli Stati Uniti) Department // ministero dell'aeronautica, (GB) Air Ministry, (USA) Department of the Air Force // ministero degli (affari) esteri, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (GB) Foreign Office, (USA) Department of State // ministero degli (affari) interni, Ministry of the Interior, (GB) Home Office, (USA) Department of the Interior // ministero per gli affari sociali, (in Italia) Ministry for Social Affairs // ministero dell'agricoltura e foreste, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, (GB) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, (USA) Department of Agriculture // ministero dell'ambiente, Ministry of the Environment, (GB) Department of the Environment // ministero per le aree urbane, (in Italia) Ministry for Urban Development and Rehabilitation // ministero dei beni culturali, (in Italia) Ministry for Arts and Culture // ministero del bilancio, Ministry of the Budget, (GB) the Treasury, (USA) Office of Management and Budget // ministero del commercio con l'estero, Ministry of Foreign Trade, (GB) Overseas Trade Ministry, (USA) US International Trade Commission // ministero della difesa, Ministry of Defence, (USA) Department of Defense // ministero delle finanze, Ministry of Finance, (GB) Exchequer (o Ministry of Finance), (USA) Department of the Treasury // ministero della funzione pubblica, (in Italia) Ministry for the Civil Service // ministero di grazia e giustizia, Ministry of Justice, (USA) Department of Justice // ministero della guerra, Ministry of War, (GB) War Office, (USA) Department of War // ministero dell'industria, commercio e artigianato, Ministry of Industry and Trade, (GB) Department of Trade and Industry, (USA) Department of Commerce // ministero del lavoro e della previdenza sociale, Ministry of Labour and Social Security, (GB) Department of Employment, (USA) Department of Labor // ministero dei lavori pubblici, (in Italia) Ministry of Public Works // ministero della Marina, Ministry of the Navy, (GB) Admiralty, (USA) Department of the Navy // ministero della marina mercantile, Ministry of the Merchant Marine, (GB) Marine Division of the Department of Trade, (USA) Maritime Administration of the Department of Commerce // ministero delle partecipazioni statali, Ministry of State Investment, (GB) National Enterprise Board // ministero per le politiche comunitarie, (nei paesi della CEE) Ministry for EEC Policy // ministero delle poste e telecomunicazioni, Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, (GB) Post Office Board, (USA) Post Office Department // ministero della protezione civile, Ministry for Civil Defence, (USA) (a livello nazionale, ma non in qualità di ministero) Federal Emergency Board // ministero della pubblica istruzione, Ministry of Education, (GB) Department of Education and Science, (USA) Department of Health, Education and Welfare // ministero per i rapporti col parlamento, (in Italia) Ministry for Parliamentary Affairs // ministero della ricerca scientifica e tecnologica, (in Italia) Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology // ministero della sanità, della salute, Ministry of Health, (GB) Department of Health, (USA) Department of Health, Education and Welfare // ministero del tesoro, Ministry of the Treasury, (GB) the Treasury, (USA) Department of the Treasury // ministero dei trasporti e dell'aviazione civile, Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, (GB) Department of Transport and Civil Aviation Authority, (USA) Department of Transportation // ministero del turismo e dello spettacolo, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (GB) British Tourist Authority, (USA) United States Travel Service (of the Department of Commerce)

3 (Consiglio dei Ministri, governo) government, ministry; (Gabinetto) Cabinet: ministero radicale, radical government; fece parte del ministero Crispi, he served in Crispi's ministry; formare un ministero, to form a government (o a ministry o a Cabinet)

4 (dir.) pubblico ministero, Public Prosecutor; (amer.) Prosecuting Attorney; District Attorney: la difesa e il pubblico ministero, the Defence and the Prosecution.

* * *

sostantivo maschile

1) pol. (governo) ministry, government

2) pol. (dicastero, edificio) ministry; (in GB) Office, Department; (negli USA) Department

3) dir.

4) relig.

•

* * *

ministero

/minis'tεro/

sostantivo m.

 1 pol. (governo) ministry, government

 2 pol. (dicastero, edificio) ministry; (in GB) Office, Department; (negli USA) Department

 3 dir. pubblico ministero public prosecutor BE, prosecuting attorney AE

 4 relig. ministero sacerdotale ministry

COMPOUNDS

ministero dell'ambiente (in GB) Department o Ministry of the Environment; ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali = ministry of cultural heritage and environmental conservation; ministero della difesa (in GB) Ministry of Defence; (negli USA) Department of Defense; ministero degli (affari) esteri = foreign ministry, ministry of foreign affairs; ministero delle finanze = finance ministry; ministero di grazia e giustizia = ministry of Justice; (negli USA) Justice Department; ministero dell'interno (in GB) Home Office; (negli USA) Department of the Interior; ministero del lavoro = ministry of Employment; (negli USA) Labor Department; ministero delle poste e telecomunicazioni = postal and telecommunications ministry; ministero della pubblica istruzione = ministry of education; ministero della sanità (in GB) Department of Health; (negli USA) Department of Health and Human Services; ministero del tesoro (in GB) Treasury; (negli USA) Treasury Department; ministero dei trasporti (in GB) Ministry of Transport; (negli USA) Department of Transportation; ministero dell'università e della ricerca scientifica e tecnologica = ministry of university and of scientific and technological research.

— Air Command and Staff college

— Air Force Command and Staff college

— Air War college

— Armed Forces Industrial college

— Armed Forces National Military college

— Armed Forces Staff college

— Army Medical college

— Army Navy Staff college

— Army Staff college

— Army War college

— Aviation college

— British Imperial Defence college

— British Joint Services Staff college

— Canadian Service college

— Civil Defence college

— Civil Defence Staff college

— Civilian Preparedness Staff college

— Command and General Staff college

— Community college of the Air Force

— Defence Services Staff college

— Defense Systems Management college

— Home Defence college

— Inter-American Defense college

— Marine Corps Command and Staff college

— Medical War college

— Military Aviation college

— military college

— military junior college

— Military Science college

— Military Technical college

— Ministry of Defence's Joint Service college

— National Civil Defense college

— National Defence college

— NATO Defense college

— Navy Command and Staff college

— Navy Engineering college

— non-ROTC college

— North Atlantic Defense college

— off-duty college

— passed staff college

— RAF college

— RAF Staff college

— ROTC college

— Royal Army Medical college

— Royal college of Defence Studies

— Royal Defence college

— Royal Military college of Canada

— Royal Naval college

— Royal Naval Engineer college

— Royal Naval Staff college

— senior service college

— senior staff college

— service college

— service staff college

— Serviceman's Opportunity college

— Staff college

— student warrant officer career college

— war college

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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After early education at Cupar in Fife, Meek commenced training as a naval architect, taking the then popular sandwich apprenticeship of alternate half years at the University of Glasgow (with a Caird Scholarship) and at a shipyard, in his case the Caledon of Dundee. On leaving Dundee he worked for five years with the British Ship Research Association before joining Alfred Holt \& Co., owners of the Blue Funnel Line. During his twenty-five years at Liverpool, he rose to Chief Naval Architect and Director and was responsible for bringing the cargo-liner concept to its ultimate in design. When the company had become Ocean Fleets, it joined with other British shipowners and looked to Meek for the first purpose-built containership fleet in the world. This required new ship designs, massive worldwide investment in port facilities and marketing to win public acceptance of freight containers, thereby revolutionizing dry-cargo shipping. Under the houseflag of OCL (now POCL), this pioneer service set the highest standards of service and safety and continues to operate on almost every ocean.

In 1979 Meek returned to the shipbuilding industry when he became Head of Technology at British Shipbuilders. Closely involved in contemporary problems of fuel economy and reduced staffing, he held the post for five years before his appointment as Managing Director of the National Maritime Institute. He was deeply involved in the merger with the British Ship Research Association to form British Maritime Technology (BMT), an organization of which he became Deputy Chairman.

Marshall Meek has held many public offices, and is one of the few to have been President of two of the United Kingdom's maritime institutions. He has contributed over forty papers to learned societies, has acted as Visiting Professor to Strathclyde University and University College London, and serves on advisory committees to the Ministry of Defence, the Department of Transport and Lloyd's Register of Shipping. While in Liverpool he served as a Justice of the Peace.

[br]

MOD [‚eməʊ'di:]

noun

British ( abbreviation Ministry of Defence) ministère m de la Défense

SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour

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Educated at Westminster College, in 1904 Tizard went to Magdalen College, Oxford, gaining Firsts in mathematics and chemistry. After a period of time in Berlin with Nernst, he joined the Royal Institution in 1909 to study the colour changes of indicators. From 1911 until 1914 he was a tutorial Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined first the Royal Garrison Artillery, then, in 1915, the newly formed Royal Flying Corps, to work on the development of bomb-sights. Successively in charge of testing aircraft, a lieutenant-colonel in the Ministry of Munitions and Assistant Controller of Research and Experiments for the Royal Air Force, he returned to Oxford in 1919 and the following year became Reader in Chemical Thermodynamics; at this stage he developed the use of toluene as an air-craft-fuel additive.

In 1922 he was appointed an assistant secretary at the government Department of Industrial and Scientific Research, becoming Principal Assistant Secretary in 1922 and its Permanent Director in 1927; during this time he was also a member of the Aeronautical Research Committee, being Chairman of the latter in 1933–43. From 1929 to 1942 he was Rector of Imperial College. In 1932 he was also appointed Chairman of a committee set up to investigate possible national air-defence systems, and it was largely due to his efforts that the radar proposals of Watson-Watt were taken up and an effective system made operational before the outbreak of the Second World War. He was also involved in various other government activities aimed at applying technology to the war effort, including the dam-buster and atomic bombs.

President of Magdalen College in 1942–7, he then returned again to Whitehall, serving as Chairman of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and of the Defence Research Policy Committee. Finally, in 1952, he became Pro-Chan-cellor of Southampton University.

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air [eə(r)]

1 noun

(a) (gen) air m;

∎ I need some (fresh) air j'ai besoin de prendre l'air;

∎ I went out for a breath of (fresh) air je suis sorti prendre l'air;

∎ literary to take the air prendre le frais;

∎ the divers came up for air les plongeurs sont remontés à la surface pour respirer;

∎ figurative I need a change of air j'ai besoin de changer d'air;

∎ to disappear or vanish into thin air se volatiliser, disparaître sans laisser de traces

(b) (sky) air m, ciel m;

∎ the smoke rose into the air la fumée s'éleva vers le ciel;

∎ to throw sth up into the air lancer qch en l'air;

∎ to fly through the air voler ou voltiger en l'air;

∎ seen from the air, the fields looked like a chessboard vus d'avion, les champs ressemblaient à un échiquier;

∎ to take to the air (bird) s'envoler; (plane) décoller

(c) Aviation

∎ to travel by air voyager par avion;

∎ mail that is sent by air le courrier (envoyé) par avion

(d) Radio & Television

∎ to be on (the) air (person) être à ou avoir l'antenne; (programme) être à l'antenne; (station) émettre;

∎ to go on the air (person) passer à l'antenne; (programme) passer à l'antenne, être diffusé;

∎ you're on the air vous avez l'antenne;

∎ to go off the air (person) rendre l'antenne; (programme) se terminer; (station) cesser d'émettre;

∎ the station goes off the air at midnight les programmes finissent à minuit

(e) (manner, expression) air m;

∎ he has an air about him il en impose;

∎ there is an air of mystery about her elle a un air mystérieux;

∎ with a triumphant air d'un air triomphant;

∎ she smiled with a knowing air elle sourit d'un air entendu

(f) Music air m

2 compound-forming noun

Aviation & Military (piracy, traffic, attack, defence) aérien; (travel, traveller) par avion

3 transitive verb

(a) (ventilate → room, bed) aérer; (dry → linen) faire sécher

(b) (express → opinion, grievance) exprimer, faire connaître; (→ suggestion, idea) exprimer, avancer

(c) American Radio & Television diffuser

4 intransitive verb

American Radio & Television

∎ the film airs next week le film sera diffusé la semaine prochaine

5 airs plural noun

∎ to put on or to give oneself airs se donner de grands airs;

∎ British airs and graces minauderies fpl

6 in the air adverb

∎ there's a rumour in the air that they're going to sell le bruit court qu'ils vont vendre;

∎ there's something in the air il se trame quelque chose;

∎ everything's up in the air (uncertain) rien n'a été décidé pour l'instant;

∎ our holiday plans are still (up) in the air nos projets de vacances sont encore assez vagues;

∎ the project is still very much (up) in the air le projet n'est encore qu'à l'état d'ébauche ou est encore vague

►► air alert alerte f aérienne;

air ambulance avion m sanitaire;

air bladder vessie f natatoire;

Building industry air brick brique f creuse;

air bubble (in wallpaper, liquid) bulle f d'air; (in plastic, metal) soufflure f;

air cargo fret m aérien;

Technology air chamber chambre f à air;

British Military air chief marshal ≃ général m d'armée aérienne;

British Military air commodore ≃ général m de brigade aérienne, French Canadian ≃ brigadier-général m;

air compressor compresseur m d'air;

Aviation air corridor couloir m aérien;

Military & Aviation air cover couverture f aérienne;

Meteorology air current courant m atmosphérique;

Technology air curtain store m d'air (chaud ou froid);

air cushion (gen) coussin m pneumatique; Technology coussin m ou matelas m d'air;

Technology air cylinder cylindre m à air comprimé;

Technology air duct conduite f d'air, amenée f d'air;

Aviation air ferry avion m transbordeur;

air filter filtre m à air;

Aviation air freighter avion-cargo m;

Chemistry air freshener désodorisant m (pour la maison);

Technology air gauge micromètre m pneumatique;

air hostess hôtesse f de l'air;

Aviation air lane couloir m aérien ou de navigation aérienne;

Aviation air letter aérogramme m;

Aviation air link liaison f aérienne;

British Military air marshal ≃ général m de corps aérien, French Canadian & Belgian ≃ lieutenant-général m;

Meteorology air mass masse f d'air;

air mattress matelas m pneumatique;

Aviation air mile mille m marin;

air miles = points que l'on peut accumuler lors de certains achats et qui permettent de bénéficier de réductions sur des billets d'avion;

∎ to collect air miles accumuler des points;

History Air Ministry ≃ Ministère m de l'Air;

Aviation air miss quasicollision f (aérienne);

Technology air passage conduit m aérifère;

Technology air pistol pistolet m à air comprimé;

Botany air plant plante f aéricole, (plante f) épiphyte m;

air pocket Meteorology & Aviation (affecting plane) trou m d'air; Technology (in pipe) poche f d'air;

Ecology air pollution pollution f atmosphérique;

Military & Aviation air power puissance f aérienne;

Meteorology & Technology air pressure pression f atmosphérique;

Technology air pressure gauge manomètre m;

Technology air pump compresseur m, pompe f à air;

Meteorology Air Quality Index indice m de pollution de l'air;

Aviation air rage = comportement agressif de certains passagers d'avion;

Military air raid attaque f aérienne, raid m aérien;

Technology air rifle carabine f à air comprimé;

Aviation air route route f aérienne;

Aviation air service liaison f aérienne;

Golf air shot air-shot m;

air show Commerce (exhibition) salon m de l'aéronautique; Aviation (display) meeting m aérien;

Astrology air sign signe m d'air;

air speed vitesse f du vol;

Military air supremacy suprématie f aérienne;

Aviation air tanker avitailleur m;

Aviation air taxi avion-taxi m;

Meteorology air temperature température f ambiante;

Aviation air terminal aérogare f;

Aviation air ticket billet m d'avion;

Aviation air traffic circulation f aérienne, trafic m aérien;

Aviation air transport transport m aérien ou par avion;

Aviation air travel voyages mpl en avion;

air travel organiser organisateur m de voyages par avion;

Technology air valve soupape f (pour l'air);

British Military air vice-marshal ≃ général m de division aérienne, French Canadian ≃ major-général m, Belgian ≃ général-major;

Military air war guerre f aérienne;

Commerce air waybill lettre f de transport aérien, connaissement m aérien